Bonos de carbono, un negocio rentable que contribuye a futuras generaciones asoma con fuerza en Sudamérica y en Chile
Con el protocolo de Kyoto, el cual obliga a que los países desarrollados reduzcan sus Gases Efecto Invernadero (GEI) nacen los Bonos de Carbono, reducciones certificadas de emisiones de estos gases.
Para cumplir con sus metas de reducción de emisiones, los países desarrollados pueden financiar proyectos de captura de los GEI en otras naciones -principalmente en vías de desarrollo-, acreditando tales disminuciones como si hubiesen sido hechas en territorio propio. Significa que, por ejemplo, una empresa chilena que disminuye sus emisiones de CO2 puede vender esta reducción a empresas de países desarrollados que estén obligadas a bajar sus emisiones de GEI.
También llamados CERs, por su sigla en inglés Certified Emission Reductions, son la unidad que corresponde a una tonelada métrica de dióxido de carbono equivalente y también son créditos que se transan en el Mercado del Carbono.
Chile atractriva plaza de Bonos de Carbono
Al ratificar el Protocolo en Japón en agosto del 2002, Chile pasó a convertirse en interlocutor válido para los llamados Mecanismos de Desarrollo Limpio (MDL), que ofrecen a las naciones desarrolladas la posibilidad de reducir emisiones fuera de sus fronteras, por la vía de adquirir certificados de reducción (bonos de carbono) en países que hasta ahora no tienen compromisos medioambientales.
Desde entonces, nuestro país ha jugado un papel relevante en el mercado de los bonos de carbono. Es el cuarto oferente, después de China, India y Brasil, y el tercero más confiable en este tipo de transacciones. Actualmente, representa poco más del 2% de la oferta mundial de proyectos, con un total de 30 iniciativas bajo el MDL. Doce en validación, uno bajo solicitud de registro y 17 ya registrados. Para 2012, que es cuando se cumple la primera etapa del señalado protocolo, se espera haya triplicado su oferta de bonos de carbono.
Visita algunos proyectos nacionales aquí.
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